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There are a number of international
approaches for the regulation of a profession, including (Institution of Civil
Engineers, 2005):
a) Licensing:
Licensing can be statutory or non statutory. An area of work restricted by
statutory licensing cannot be undertaken by an unlicensed person. Non statutory
licensing provides the public with lists of approved persons competent to work
in a particular area, which can also be undertaken by non licensed persons.
b) Registration:
Regulation of a profession involves the setting of standards, the keeping of a
register of qualified persons and the award of titles. Regulation may be
statutory (regulations set by Parliament) or non statutory (regulations set by
the governing body of the profession). If non-statutory registration, governing
bodies can only use civil action to prevent non-registrants from using the
title and cannot restrict any area of work to registrants. Statutory regulation
normally involves a statutory register and the protection of title by law and
sometimes, but not always, the statutory reservation of an area of work to
registrants i.e. to work in the area without being on the register would be an
offence in law. If statutory regulation reserves an area of work it has the
same effect as statutory licensing which seeks to restrict an area of work to
those who are approved persons.
c) Specialist Lists:
The non-statutory voluntary listing of professionals who have met a defined
standard of competence in a specialist area, typically administered by a
professional or trade body.
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